Ms DOS

WINDOWS EXPLORER

                          

Folders

Folders are as same as DOS directories, where we can store documents and programs. In order to view the contents of folders, Windows XP provides two powerful file Manager two powerful file Manager Tools. i.e. My Computer & Windows Explorer.

How to Create Folder and Subfolder?

#Folder

Ø  Click on start button. Point to programs then click on Windows explorer.

Ø  Select the disk drive e.g.: (C or A)

Ø  Click on file menu then click on new.

Ø  Click on folder type a name from folder then click on outside.

#Subfolder

Ø  Open the folder; for it:

Ø  Double click on the folder as well as folder creating.

MS-DOS:(Disk Operating System)

   MS-DOS(Microsoft-Disk Operating System) is an important software with which computer works . Without this software a computer cannot run . This software is also used to install programmes , open ; save ; delete ;copy files and folders from one disk/place to another of one computer . It also helps to transfer files and folders from one to another computer.

1.    How to open Ms-Dos Program?

→For windows98

ÞStart > shut down > start with Dos

→For XP, 2000

ÞStart > Run

ÞType 'CMD' > Press 'Enter in the keyboard

2.    Types of Command

→ Internal Command

→ External Command

a.    Some Important Internal Commands:-

 MD Þ To make a new folder/Directory

       → MD folder name ¿

eg: MD Computer ¿

                  CD Þ To change folder/directory. To entry inside the

folder name.

→ CD folder name ¿

eg: CD Computer ¿

      = C:\ Computer >

  To exit from folder:

 → CD..¿(only one)

→ CD\.¿(all)

eg: C:\ Computer >CD .. ¿

      C:\ Computer  > Ram> CD\ ¿

   Dir Þ Display folder/Directory.

                        C:\ Dir ¿

               rd Þ To remove folder/Directory.

                        C:\ rd folder name¿

                         eg:  C:\ rd Computer ¿

               Cls Þ clean screen

                        C:\  cls¿

               Copy con Þ To create file

                                    C:\ Copy con folder name¿

                eg: C:\ Copy con Computer ¿

                                    'Computer is an electronic device.'

Press 'Ctrl+Z'

                 

               Type Þ To view file

                                    C:\ Type file name ¿

                         eg: C: \ Type Computer ¿

                                    'Computer is an electronic device.'

               

   Del Þ To delete file.

                                    C:\ del file name ¿

                        eg: C:\ del Computer ¿

               Copy Þ To copy files      

                                    C:\ Copy source Target ¿

                        eg: C:\ CopyComputer \

MoniterMouse¿

                       

              Move ÞTo move folders from one location to another.

                                    C:\ Move source Target ¿

                        eg: C:\ Move Computer Mouse ¿

  Ren Þ To rename folders/files

C:\ Ren folder/file name new

name ¿

eg: C:\ RenComputerKeyboard ¿

  Attrib

⁺h ÞTo hide folders/files

C:\ Attrib < space > ⁺h < space >

folders/files ¿

eg: C:\ Attrib < space > ⁺h < space > Speaker ¿

^-h Þ To show files/folders

C:\ Attrib < space > ^-h < space > file/folder¿

eg: C:\ Attrib  < space > ^-h < space > Speaker ¿

⁺r Þ To make 'Read only' (Protect) can't delete

C:\ Attrib < space > ⁺r < space > Speaker ¿

                                    eg: C:\ Attrib < space > ⁺r < space > Speaker ¿

                                    ^-r Þ To Unprotect / can't delete

                                                C:\ Attrib < space > ^-r < space > file/folder¿

                                    eg: C:\ Attrib < space > ^-r < space > Speaker ¿

b.   Some Important External Command:

Þ F disk → To run windows -98 system for formatting partition the Hard disk.

Þ Format → To format Drives (After partition)

Þ Copy disk → To copy files from one disk to next disk (Floppy drive)

Þ Scan disk → To scan the drive.

Ä  Batch file:

C:\ Copy con < space> Batch file name .bat ¿

«  Exit

Ctrl+Z

eg: C:\ Copy con < space > banda.bat

«Exit

            C:\ exit ¿  

Ctrl+Z

« Date:-  C:\ Date

«Time:-  C:\ Time